Reg. § 1.1367-1 Adjustments to basis of shareholder's stock in an S corporation.
(a) In general
(1) Adjustments under section 1367 This section provides rules relating to adjustments required by section to the basis of a shareholder's stock in an S corporation. of this section provides rules concerning increases in the basis of a shareholder's stock, and of this section provides rules concerning decreases in the basis of a shareholder's stock.
(2) Applicability of other Internal Revenue Code provisions In addition to the adjustments required by section and this section, the basis of stock is determined or adjusted under other applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
(b) Increase in basis of stock
(1) In general Except as provided in (relating to restoration of basis of indebtedness to the shareholder), the basis of a shareholder's stock in an S corporation is increased by the sum of the items described in section . The increase in basis described in section for the excess of the deduction for depletion over the basis of the property subject to depletion does not include the depletion deduction attributable to oil or gas property. See section .
(2) Amount of increase in basis of individual shares The basis of a shareholder's share of stock is increased by an amount equal to the shareholder's pro rata portion of the items described in section that is attributable to that share, determined on a per share, per day basis in accordance with section .
(c) Decrease in basis of stock
(1) In general The basis of a shareholder's stock in an S corporation is decreased (but not below zero) by the sum of the items described in section .
(2) Noncapital, nondeductible expenses For purposes of section , expenses of the corporation not deductible in computing its taxable income and not properly chargeable to a capital account (noncapital, nondeductible expenses) are only those items for which no loss or deduction is allowable and do not include items the deduction for which is deferred to a later taxable year. Examples of noncapital, nondeductible expenses include (but are not limited to) the following: Illegal bribes, kickbacks, and other payments not deductible under section ; fines and penalties not deductible under section ; expenses and interest relating to tax-exempt income under section ; losses for which the deduction is disallowed under section ; the portion of meals and entertainment expenses disallowed under section ; and the two-thirds portion of treble damages paid for violating antitrust laws not deductible under section . For basis adjustments necessary to coordinate sections and , see .
(3) Amount of decrease in basis of individual shares The basis of a shareholder's share of stock is decreased by an amount equal to the shareholder's pro rata portion of the passthrough items and distributions described in section attributable to that share, determined on a per share, per day basis in accordance with section . If the amount attributable to a share exceeds its basis, the excess is applied to reduce (but not below zero) the remaining bases of all other shares of stock in the corporation owned by the shareholder in proportion to the remaining basis of each of those shares.
(d) Time at which adjustments to basis of stock are effective
(1) In general The adjustments described in section to the basis of a shareholder's stock are determined as of the close of the corporation's taxable year, and the adjustments generally are effective as of that date. However, if a shareholder disposes of stock during the corporation's taxable year, the adjustments with respect to that stock are effective immediately prior to the disposition.
(2) Adjustment for nontaxable item An adjustment for a nontaxable item is determined for the taxable year in which the item would have been includible or deductible under the corporation's method of accounting for Federal income tax purposes if the item had been subject to Federal income taxation.
(3) Effect of election under section 1377(a)(2) or § 1.1368-1(g)(2) If an election under section (to terminate the year in the case of the termination of a shareholder's interest) or under (to terminate the year in the case of a qualifying disposition) is made with respect to the taxable year of a corporation, this applies as if the taxable year consisted of separate taxable years, the first of which ends at the close of the day on which either the shareholder's interest is terminated or a qualifying disposition occurs, whichever the case may be.
(e) Ordering rules for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1997 For any taxable year of a corporation beginning before January 1, 1997, except as provided in of this section, the adjustments required by section are made in the following order—
(1) Any increase in basis attributable to the income items described in section (A) and (B) and the excess of the deductions for depletion described in section ;
(2) Any decrease in basis attributable to noncapital, nondeductible expenses described in section and the oil and gas depletion deduction described in section ;
(3) Any decrease in basis attributable to items of loss or deduction described in section (B) and (C); and
(4) Any decrease in basis attributable to a distribution by the corporation described in section .
(f) Ordering rules for taxable years beginning on or after August 18, 1998 For any taxable year of a corporation beginning on or after August 18, 1998, except as provided in of this section, the adjustments required by section are made in the following order—
(1) Any increase in basis attributable to the income items described in section and (B), and the excess of the deductions for depletion described in section ;
(2) Any decrease in basis attributable to a distribution by the corporation described in section ;
(3) Any decrease in basis attributable to noncapital, nondeductible expenses described in section , and the oil and gas depletion deduction described in section ; and
(4) Any decrease in basis attributable to items of loss or deduction described in section and (C).
(g) Elective ordering rule A shareholder may elect to decrease basis under or of this section, whichever applies, prior to decreasing basis under or of this section, whichever applies. If a shareholder makes this election, any amount described in or of this section, whichever applies, that is in excess of the shareholder's basis in stock and indebtedness is treated, solely for purposes of this section, as an amount described in or of this section, whichever applies, in the succeeding taxable year. A shareholder makes the election under this paragraph by attaching a statement to the shareholder's timely filed original or amended return that states that the shareholder agrees to the carryover rule of the preceding sentence. Once a shareholder makes an election under this paragraph with respect to an S corporation, the shareholder must continue to use the rules of this paragraph for that S corporation in future taxable years unless the shareholder receives the permission of the Commissioner.
(h) Examples The following examples illustrate the principles of . In each example, the corporation is a calendar year S corporation:
Example 1. Adjustments to basis of stock for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1997.
(i) On December 31, 1994, A owns a block of 50 shares of stock with an adjusted basis per share of $6 in Corporation S. On December 31, 1994, A purchases for $400 an additional block of 50 shares of stock with an adjusted basis of $8 per share. Thus, A holds 100 shares of stock for each day of the 1995 taxable year. For S's 1995 taxable year, A's pro rata share of the amount of the items described in section (relating to increases in basis of stock) is $300, and A's pro rata share of the amount of the items described in section (B) and (D) (relating to decreases in basis of stock) is $500. S makes a distribution to A in the amount of $100 during 1995.
(ii) Pursuant to the ordering rules of of this section, A increases the basis of each share of stock by $3 ($300/100 shares) and decreases the basis of each share of stock by $5 ($500/100 shares). Then A reduces the basis of each share by $1 ($100/100 shares) for the distribution. Thus, on January 1, 1996, A has a basis of $3 per share in his original block of 50 shares ($6 + $3−$5−$1) and a basis of $5 per share in the second block of 50 shares ($8 + $3−$5−$1).
Example 2. Adjustments to basis of stock for taxable years beginning on or after August 18, 1998.
(i) On December 31, 2001, A owns a block of 50 shares of stock with an adjusted basis per share of $6 in Corporation S. On December 31, 2001, A purchases for $400 an additional block of 50 shares of stock with an adjusted basis of $8 per share. Thus, A holds 100 shares of stock for each day of the 2002 taxable year. For S's 2002 taxable year, A's pro rata share of the amount of items described in section (relating to increases in basis of stock) is $300, A's pro rata share of the amount of the items described in section (relating to decreases in basis of stock attributable to items of loss and deduction) is $300, and A's pro rata share of the amount of the items described in section (relating to decreases in basis of stock attributable to noncapital, nondeductible expenses) is $200. S makes a distribution to A in the amount of $100 during 2002.
(ii) Pursuant to the ordering rules of of this section, A first increases the basis of each share of stock by $3 ($300/100 shares) and then decreases the basis of each share by $1 ($100/100 shares) for the distribution. A next decreases the basis of each share by $2 ($200/100 shares) for the noncapital, nondeductible expenses and then decreases the basis of each share by $3 ($300/100 shares) for the items of loss. Thus, on January 1, 2003, A has a basis of $3 per share in the original block of 50 shares ($6 + $3 − $1 − $2 − $3) and a basis of $5 per share in the second block of 100 shares ($8 + $3 − $1 − $2 − $3).
Example 3. Adjustments attributable to basis of individual shares of stock.
(i) On December 31, 1993, B owns one share of S corporation's 10 outstanding shares of stock. The basis of B's share is $30. On July 2, 1994, B purchases from another shareholder two shares for $25 each. During 1994, S corporation has no income or deductions but incurs a loss of $365. Under section and of this section, the amount of the loss assigned to each day of S's taxable year is $1.00 ($365/365 days). For each day, $.10 is allocated to each outstanding share ($1.00 amount of loss assigned to each day/10 shares).
(ii) B owned one share for 365 days and, therefore, reduces the basis of that share by the amount of loss attributable to it, i.e., $36.50 ($.10 × 365 days). B owned two shares for 182 days and, therefore, reduces the basis of each of those shares by the amount of the loss attributable to each, i.e., $18.20 ($.10 × 182 days).
(iii) The bases of the shares are decreased as follows:
| Share | Original basis | Decrease | Adjusted basis | Excess basis reduction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. 1 | $30.00 | $36.50 | $0 | $6.50 |
| No. 2 | 25.00 | 18.20 | 6.80 | 0 |
| No. 3 | 25.00 | 18.20 | 6.80 | 0 |
| Total remaining basis | 13.60 |
(iv) Because the decrease in basis attributable to share No. 1 exceeds the basis of share No. 1 by $6.50 ($36.50 − $30.00), the excess is applied to reduce the bases of shares No. 2 and No. 3 in proportion to their remaining bases. Therefore, the bases of share No. 2 and share No. 3 are each decreased by an additional $3.25 ($6.50 × $6.80/$13.60). After this decrease, Share No. 1 has a basis of zero, Share No. 2 has a basis of $3.55, and Share No. 3 has a basis of $3.55.
Example 4. Effects of section 1377(a)(2) election and distribution on basis of stock for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1997.
(i) On January 1, 1994, individuals B and C each own 50 of the 100 shares of issued and outstanding stock of Corporation S. B's adjusted basis in each share of stock is $120, and C's is $80. On June 30, 1994, S distributes $6,000 to B and $6,000 to C. On June 30, 1994, B sells all of her S stock for $10,000 to D. S elects under section to treat its 1994 taxable year as consisting of two taxable years, the first of which ends at the close of June 30, the date on which B terminates her interest in S.
(ii) For the period January 1, 1994, through June 30, 1994, S has nonseparately computed income of $6,000 and a separately stated deduction item of $4,000. Therefore, on June 30, 1994, B and C, pursuant to the ordering rules of of this section, increase the basis of each share by $60 ($6,000/100 shares) and decrease the basis of each share by $40 ($4,000/100 shares). Then B and C reduce the basis of each share by $120 ($12,000/100 shares) for the distribution.
(iii) The basis of B's stock is reduced from $120 to $20 per share ($120 + $60−$40−$120). The basis of C's stock is reduced from $80 to $0 per share ($80 + $60−$40−$120). See section and and for rules relating to the tax treatment of the distributions.
(iv) Pursuant to of this section, the net reduction in the basis of B's shares of the S stock required by section and this section is effective immediately prior to B's sale of her stock. Thus, B's basis for determining gain or loss on the sale of the S stock is $20 per share, and B has a gain on the sale of $180 ($200−$20) per share.
Example 5. Effects of section 1377(a)(2) election and distribution on basis of stock for taxable years beginning on or after August 18, 1998.
(i) The facts are the same as in Example 4, except that all of the events occur in 2001 rather than in 1994 and except as follows: On June 30, 2001, B sells 25 shares of her stock for $5,000 to D and 25 shares back to Corporation S for $5,000. Under section and , B, C, and D are affected shareholders because B has transferred shares to Corporations S and D. Pursuant to section and , B, C, and D, the affected shareholders, and Corporation S agree to treat the taxable year 2001 as if it consisted of two separate taxable years for all affected shareholders for the purposes set forth in .
(ii) On June 30, 2001, B and C, pursuant to the ordering rules of of this section, increase the basis of each share by $60 ($6,000/100 shares) for the nonseparately computed income. Then B and C reduce the basis of each share by $120 ($12,000/100 shares) for the distribution. Finally, B and C decrease the basis of each share by $40 ($4,000/100 shares) for the separately stated deduction item.
(iii) The basis of the stock of B is reduced from $120 to $20 per share ($120 + $60 − $120 − $40). Prior to accounting for the separately stated deduction item, the basis of the stock of C is reduced from $80 to $20 ($80 + $60 − $120). Finally, because the period from January 1 through June 30, 2001 is treated under as a separate taxable year for purposes of making adjustments to the basis of stock, under section and , C may deduct only $20 per share of the remaining $40 of the separately stated deduction item, and the basis of the stock of C is reduced from $20 per share to $0 per share. Under section and , C's remaining separately stated deduction item of $20 per share is treated as having been incurred in the first succeeding taxable year of Corporation S, which, for this purpose, begins on July 1, 2001.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Adjustments for items of income in respect of a decedent The basis determined under section of any stock in an S corporation is reduced by the portion of the value of the stock that is attributable to items constituting income in respect of a decedent. For the determination of items realized by an S corporation constituting income in respect of a decedent, see sections and and applicable regulations thereunder. For the determination of the allowance of a deduction for the amount of estate tax attributable to income in respect of a decedent, see section and applicable regulations thereunder.
[T.D. 8508, 59 FR 15, Jan. 3, 1994, as amended by T.D. 8852, 64 FR 71648, Dec. 22, 1999; 65 FR 12471, Mar. 9, 2000; 65 FR 16319, Mar. 28, 2000; T.D. 9633, 78 FR 54168, Sept. 3, 2013; T.D. 9682, 79 FR 42678, July 23, 2014; T.D. 9759, 81 FR 17083, Mar. 28, 2016]