Reg. § 1.1502-31 Stock basis after a group structure change.
(a) In general
(1) Overview If one corporation (P) succeeds another corporation (T) under the principles of or as the common parent of a consolidated group in a group structure change, the basis of members in the stock of the former common parent (or the stock of a successor) is adjusted or determined under this section. See for the definition of group structure change. For example, if P owns all of the stock of another corporation (S), and T merges into S in a group structure change that is a reorganization described in section in which P becomes the common parent of the T group, P's basis in S's stock must be adjusted to reflect the change in S's assets and liabilities. The rules of this section coordinate with the earnings and profits adjustments required under , generally conforming the results of transactions in which the T group continues under with P as the common parent. By preserving in P the relationship between T's earnings and profits and asset basis, these adjustments limit possible distortions under section (e.g., in the deconsolidation rules for earnings and profits under , and the continued filing requirements under ). This section applies whether or not T continues to exist after the group structure change.
(2) Application of other rules of law If a transaction subject to this section is also a triangular reorganization otherwise subject to , the provisions of this section and not those of apply to determine stock basis. See regarding the general applicability of other rules of law and a limitation on duplicative adjustments.
(b) General rules Except as otherwise provided in this section—
(1) Asset acquisitions If a corporation acquires the former common parent's assets (and any liabilities assumed or to which the assets are subject) in a group structure change, the basis of members in the stock of the acquiring corporation is adjusted immediately after the group structure change to reflect the acquiring corporation's allocable share of the former common parent's net asset basis as determined under of this section. For example, if S acquires all of T's assets in a group structure change that is a reorganization described in section , P's basis in S's stock is adjusted to reflect T's net asset basis. If P owned some of T's stock before the group structure change, the results would be the same because P's basis in the T stock is not taken into account in determining P's basis in S's stock. If T's net asset basis is a negative amount, it reduces P's basis in S's stock and, if the reduction exceeds P's basis in S's stock, the excess is P's excess loss account in S's stock. See for rules treating P's excess loss account as negative basis, and treating a reference to P's basis in S's stock as including an excess loss account.
(2) Stock acquisitions If a corporation acquires stock of the former common parent in a group structure change, the basis of the members in the former common parent's stock immediately after the group structure change (including any stock of the former common parent owned before the group structure change) that is, or would otherwise be, transferred basis property is redetermined in accordance with the results for an asset acquisition described in of this section. For example, if all of T's stock is contributed to P in a group structure change to which section applies, P's basis in T's stock is T's net asset basis, rather than the amount determined under section . Similarly, if S merges into T in a group structure change described in section and P acquires all of the T stock, P's basis in T's stock is the basis that P would have in S's stock under of this section if T had merged into S in a group structure change described in section .
(c) Net asset basis The former common parent's net asset basis is the basis it would have in the stock of a newly formed subsidiary, if—
(1) The former common parent transferred its assets (and any liabilities assumed or to which the assets are subject) to the subsidiary in a transaction to which section applies;
(2) The former common parent and the subsidiary were members of the same consolidated group (see for the non-application of section to the transfer); and
(3) The asset basis taken into account is each asset's basis immediately after the group structure change (e.g., taking into account any income or gain recognized in the group structure change and reflected in the asset's basis).
(d) Additional adjustments In addition to the adjustments in of this section, the following adjustments are made:
(1) Consideration not provided by P The basis is reduced to reflect the fair market value of any consideration not provided by the member. For example, if S acquires T's assets in a group structure change described in section , and S provides an appreciated asset (e.g., stock of P) as partial consideration in the transaction, P's basis in S's stock is reduced by the fair market value of the asset.
(2) Allocable share
(i) Asset acquisitions If a corporation receives less than all of the former common parent's assets and liabilities in the group structure change, the former common parent's net asset basis taken into account under of this section is adjusted accordingly.
(ii) Stock acquisitions If less than all of the former common parent's stock is subject to the redetermination described in of this section, the percentage of the former common parent's net asset basis taken into account in the redetermination equals the percentage (by fair market value) of the former common parent's stock subject to the redetermination. For example, if P owns less than all of the former common parent's stock immediately after the group structure change and such stock would otherwise be transferred basis property, only an allocable part of the basis determined under this section is reflected in the shares owned by P (and the amount allocable to shares owned by nonmembers has no effect on the basis of their shares). Alternatively, if P acquired 10 percent of the former common parent's stock in a transaction in which the stock basis was determined by P's cost, and P later acquires the remaining 90 percent of the former common parent's stock in a separate transaction that is described in of this section, P retains its cost basis in its original stock and the basis of P's newly acquired shares reflects only an allocable part of the former common parent's net asset basis.
(3) Allocation among shares of stock The basis determined under this section is allocated among shares under the principles of section . For example, if P owns multiple classes of the former common parent's stock immediately after the group structure change, only an allocable part of the basis determined under this section is reflected in the basis of each share. See , for special allocations with respect to excess loss accounts.
(4) Higher-tier members To the extent that the former common parent is owned by members other than the new common parent, the basis of members in the stock of all subsidiaries owning, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, an interest in the former common parent's assets or liabilities is adjusted in accordance with the principles of this section. The adjustments are applied in the order of the tiers, from the lowest to the highest.
(e) Waiver of loss carryovers of former common parent
(1) General rule An irrevocable election may be made to treat all or any portion of a loss carryover attributable to the common parent as expiring for all Federal income tax purposes immediately before the group structure change. Thus, if the loss carryover is treated as expiring under the election, it will not result in a negative adjustment to the basis of P's stock under .
(2) Election The election described in of this section must be made in a separate statement entitled, “ELECTION TO TREAT LOSS CARRYOVER AS EXPIRING UNDER .” The election must be filed by including the statement on or with the consolidated group's income tax return for the year that includes the group structure change. The statement must identify the amount of each loss carryover deemed to expire (or the amount of each loss carryover deemed not to expire, with any balance of any loss carryovers being deemed to expire).
(f) Predecessors and successors For purposes of this section, any reference to a corporation includes a reference to a successor or predecessor as the context may require. See for definitions of predecessor and successor.
(g) Examples For purposes of the examples in this section, unless otherwise stated, all corporations have only one class of stock outstanding, the tax year of all persons is the calendar year, all persons use the accrual method of accounting, the facts set forth the only corporate activity, all transactions are between unrelated persons, and tax liabilities are disregarded. The principles of this section are illustrated by the following examples:
Example 1. Forward triangular merger.
(i) Facts. P is the common parent of one group and T is the common parent of another. T has assets with an aggregate basis of $60 and fair market value of $100 and no liabilities. T's shareholders have an aggregate basis of $50 in T's stock. In Year 1, pursuant to a plan, P forms S and T merges into S with the T shareholders receiving $100 of P stock in exchange for their T stock. The transaction is a reorganization described in section . The transaction is also a reverse acquisition under because the T shareholders, as a result of owning T's stock, own more than 50% of the value of P's stock immediately after the transaction. Thus, the transaction is a group structure change under , and P's earnings and profits are adjusted to reflect T's earnings and profits immediately before T ceases to be the common parent of the T group.
(ii) Analysis. Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is adjusted to reflect T's net asset basis. Under of this section, T's net asset basis is $60, the basis T would have in the stock of a subsidiary under section if T had transferred all of its assets and liabilities to the subsidiary in a transaction to which section applies. Thus, P has a $60 basis in S's stock.
(iii) Pre-existing S. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that P has owned the stock of S for several years and P has a $50 basis in the S stock before the merger with T. Under of this section, P's $50 basis in S's stock is adjusted to reflect T's net asset basis. Thus, P's basis in S's stock is $110 ($50 plus $60).
(iv) Excess loss account included in former common parent's net asset basis. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that T has two assets, an operating asset with an $80 basis and $90 fair market value, and stock of a subsidiary with a $20 excess loss account and $10 fair market value. Under of this section, T's net asset basis is $60 ($80 minus $20). See sections and , and . Consequently, P has a $60 basis in S's stock. Under section and , S has an $80 basis in the operating asset and a $20 excess loss account in the stock of the subsidiary.
(v) Liabilities in excess of basis. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that T's assets have a fair market value of $170 (and $60 basis) and are subject to $70 of liabilities. Under of this section, T's net asset basis is negative $10 ($60 minus $70). See sections and , and and . Thus, P has a $10 excess loss account in S's stock. Under section , S has a $60 basis in its assets (which are subject to $70 of liabilities). (Under of this section, because the liabilities are taken into account in determining net asset basis under of this section, the liabilities are not also taken into account as consideration not provided by P under of this section.)
(vi) Consideration provided by S. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that P forms S with a $100 contribution at the beginning of Year 1, and during Year 6, pursuant to a plan, S purchases $100 of P stock and T merges into S with the T shareholders receiving P stock in exchange for their T stock. Under of this section, P's $100 basis in S's stock is increased by $60 to reflect T's net asset basis. Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is decreased by $100 (the fair market value of the P stock) because the P stock purchased by S and used in the transaction is consideration not provided by P.
(vii) Appreciated asset provided by S. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that P has owned the stock of S for several years, and the shareholders of T receive $60 of P stock and an asset of S with a $30 adjusted basis and $40 fair market value. S recognizes a $10 gain from the asset under section . Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is increased by $60 to reflect T's net asset basis. Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is decreased by $40 (the fair market value of the asset provided by S). In addition, P's basis in S's stock is increased under by S's $10 gain.
(viii) Depreciated asset provided by S. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that P has owned the stock of S for several years, and the shareholders of T receive $60 of P stock and an asset of S with a $50 adjusted basis and $40 fair market value. S recognizes a $10 loss from the asset under section . Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is increased by $60 to reflect T's net asset basis. Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is decreased by $40 (the fair market value of the asset provided by S). In addition, S's $10 loss is taken into account under in determining P's basis adjustments under that section.
Example 2. Stock acquisition.
(i) Facts. P is the common parent of one group and T is the common parent of another. T has assets with an aggregate basis of $60 and fair market value of $100 and no liabilities. T's shareholders have an aggregate basis of $50 in T's stock. Pursuant to a plan, P forms S and S acquires all of T's stock in exchange for P stock in a transaction described in section . The transaction is also a reverse acquisition under . Thus, the transaction is a group structure change under , and the earnings and profits of P and S are adjusted to reflect T's earnings and profits immediately before T ceases to be the common parent of the T group.
(ii) Analysis. Under of this section, although S is not the new common parent of the T group, adjustments must be made to S's basis in T's stock in accordance with the principles of this section. Although S's basis in T's stock would ordinarily be determined under section by reference to the basis of T's shareholders in T's stock immediately before the group structure change, under the principles of of this section, S's basis in T's stock is determined by reference to T's net asset basis. Thus, S's basis in T's stock is $60.
(iii) Higher-tier adjustments. Under of this section, P's basis in S's stock is increased by $60 (to be consistent with the adjustment to S's basis in T's stock).
(iv) Cross ownership. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 2, except S purchased 10% of T's stock from an unrelated person for cash. In an unrelated transaction, S acquires the remaining 90% of T's stock in exchange for P stock. S's basis in the initial 10% of T's stock is not redetermined under this section. However, S's basis in the additional 90% of T's stock is redetermined under this section. S's basis in that stock is adjusted to $54 (90% of T's net asset basis).
(v) Allocable share. The facts are the same as in paragraph (i) of this Example 2, except that P owns only 90% of S's stock immediately after the group structure change. S's basis in T's stock is the same as in paragraph (ii) of this Example 2. Under of this section, P's basis in its S stock is increased by $54 (90% of S's $60 adjustment).
Example 3. Taxable stock acquisition.
(i) Facts. P is the common parent of one group and T is the common parent of another. T has assets with an aggregate basis of $60 and fair market value of $100 and no liabilities. T's shareholders have an aggregate basis of $50 in T's stock. Pursuant to a plan, P acquires all of T's stock in exchange for $70 of P's stock and $30 in a transaction that is a group structure change under . P's acquired T stock is not transferred basis property. (Because of P's use of cash, the acquisition is not a transaction described in section .)
(ii) Analysis. The rules of this section do not apply to determine P's basis in T's stock. Therefore, P's basis in T's stock is $100.
(h) Effective/applicability dates
(1) General rule This section applies to group structure changes that occur after April 26, 2004. However, a group may apply this section to group structure changes that occurred on or before April 26, 2004, and in consolidated return years beginning on or after January 1, 1995. In addition, of this section applies to group structure changes that occurred on or after September 17, 2008. of this section applies to any original consolidated Federal income tax return due (without extensions) after June 14, 2007. For original consolidated Federal income tax returns due (without extensions) after May 30, 2006, and on or before June 14, 2007, see as contained in 26 CFR part 1 in effect on April 1, 2007. For original consolidated Federal income tax returns due (without extensions) on or before May 30, 2006, see as contained in 26 CFR part 1 in effect on April 1, 2006.
(2) Prior law For group structure changes that occur on or before April 26, 2004, and in consolidated return years beginning on or after January 1, 1995, with respect to which the group does not elect to apply the provisions of this section, see as contained in the 26 CFR part 1 edition revised as of April 1, 2003. For group structure changes that occur in consolidated return years beginning before January 1, 1995, see as contained in the 26 CFR part 1 edition revised as of April 1, 1994.
[T.D. 8560, 59 FR 41683, Aug. 15, 1994, as amended by T.D. 9122, 69 FR 22400, Apr. 26, 2004; T.D. 9264, 71 FR 30602, May 30, 2006; T.D. 9329, 72 FR 32804, June 14, 2007; T.D. 9424, 73 FR 53949, Sept. 17, 2008]