The total amount of the credit taken under shall not exceed the same proportion of the tax against which such credit is taken which the taxpayer’s taxable income from sources without the United States (but not in excess of the taxpayer’s entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income for the same taxable year.
(1) Personal exemptions
For purposes of subsection (a), the taxable income in the case of an individual, estate, or trust shall be computed without any deduction for personal exemptions under section 151 or 642(b).
(2) Capital gains
For purposes of this section—
(A) In general
Taxable income from sources outside the United States shall include gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets only to the extent of foreign source capital gain net income.
(B) Special rules where capital gain rate differential
In the case of any taxable year for which there is a capital gain rate differential—
(i) in lieu of applying subparagraph (A), the taxable income from sources outside the United States shall include gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets only in an amount equal to foreign source capital gain net income reduced by the rate differential portion of foreign source net capital gain,
(ii) the entire taxable income shall include gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets only in an amount equal to capital gain net income reduced by the rate differential portion of net capital gain, and
(iii) for purposes of determining taxable income from sources outside the United States, any net capital loss (and any amount which is a short-term capital loss under ) from sources outside the United States to the extent taken into account in determining capital gain net income for the taxable year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the rate differential portion of the excess of net capital gain from sources within the United States over net capital gain.
(C) Coordination with capital gains rates
The Secretary may by regulations modify the application of this paragraph and paragraph (3) to the extent necessary to properly reflect any capital gain rate differential under and the computation of net capital gain.
(3) Definitions
For purposes of this subsection—
(A) Foreign source capital gain net income
The term “foreign source capital gain net income” means the lesser of—
(i) capital gain net income from sources without the United States, or
(ii) capital gain net income.
(B) Foreign source net capital gain
The term “foreign source net capital gain” means the lesser of—
(i) net capital gain from sources without the United States, or
(ii) net capital gain.
(C) Section 1231 gains
The term “gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets” includes any gain so treated under section 1231.
(D) Capital gain rate differential
There is a capital gain rate differential for any year if subsection (h) of section 1 applies to such taxable year.
(E) Rate differential portion
The rate differential portion of foreign source net capital gain, net capital gain, or the excess of net capital gain from sources within the United States over net capital gain, as the case may be, is the same proportion of such amount as—
(i) the excess of—
the excess of—
(I) the highest rate of tax set forth in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) of section 1 (whichever applies), over
(II) the alternative rate of tax determined under , bears to
(ii) that rate referred to in subclause (I).
(4) Treatment of dividends for which deduction is allowed under section 245A
For purposes of subsection (a), in the case of a domestic corporation which is a United States shareholder with respect to a specified 10-percent owned foreign corporation, such shareholder’s taxable income from sources without the United States (and entire taxable income) shall be determined without regard to—
(A) the foreign-source portion of any dividend received from such foreign corporation, and
(B) any deductions properly allocable or apportioned to—
any deductions properly allocable or apportioned to—
(i) income (other than amounts includible under or 951A(a)) with respect to stock of such specified 10-percent owned foreign corporation, or
(ii) such stock to the extent income with respect to such stock is other than amounts includible under or 951A(a).
Any amount by which all taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or possessions of the United States for any taxable year for which the taxpayer chooses to have the benefits of this subpart exceed the limitation under subsection (a) shall be deemed taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or possessions of the United States in the first preceding taxable year and in any of the first 10 succeeding taxable years, in that order and to the extent not deemed taxes paid or accrued in a prior taxable year, in the amount by which the limitation under subsection (a) for such preceding or succeeding taxable year exceeds the sum of the taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or possessions of the United States for such preceding or succeeding taxable year and the amount of the taxes for any taxable year earlier than the current taxable year which shall be deemed to have been paid or accrued in such preceding or subsequent taxable year (whether or not the taxpayer chooses to have the benefits of this subpart with respect to such earlier taxable year). Such amount deemed paid or accrued in any year may be availed of only as a tax credit and not as a deduction and only if the taxpayer for such year chooses to have the benefits of this subpart as to taxes paid or accrued for that year to foreign countries or possessions of the United States. This subsection shall not apply to taxes paid or accrued with respect to amounts described in subsection (d)(1)(A).
(1) In general
The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (c) and sections 902,
(A) any amount includible in gross income under section 951A (other than passive category income),
(B) foreign branch income,
(C) passive category income, and
(D) general category income.
(2) Definitions and special rules
For purposes of this subsection—
(A) Categories
(i) Passive category income
The term “passive category income” means passive income and specified passive category income.
(ii) General category income
The term “general category income” means income other than income described in paragraph (1)(A), foreign branch income, and passive category income.
(B) Passive income
(i) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the term “passive income” means any income received or accrued by any person which is of a kind which would be foreign personal holding company income (as defined in ).
(ii) Certain amounts included
Except as provided in clause (iii), subparagraph (E)(ii), or paragraph (3)(H), the term “passive income” includes any amount includible in gross income under section 1293 (relating to certain passive foreign investment companies).
(iii) Exceptions
(I) any export financing interest, and
(II) any high-taxed income.
(iv) Clarification of application of section 864(d)(6)
In determining whether any income is of a kind which would be foreign personal holding company income, the rules of shall apply only in the case of income of a controlled foreign corporation.
(v) Specified passive category income
(I) dividends from a DISC or former DISC (as defined in ) to the extent such dividends are treated as income from sources without the United States, and
(II) distributions from a former FSC (as defined in section 922) out of earnings and profits attributable to foreign trade income (within the meaning of ) or interest or carrying charges (as defined in ) derived from a transaction which results in foreign trade income (as defined in ).
(C) Treatment of financial services income and companies
(i) In general
(I) a member of a financial services group, and
(II) any other person if such person is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, insurance, financing, or similar business.
(ii) Financial services group
(I) United States corporations, or
(II) controlled foreign corporations in which such United States corporations own, directly or indirectly, at least 80 percent of the total voting power and value of the stock.
(iii) Pass-thru entities
The Secretary shall by regulation specify for purposes of this subparagraph the treatment of financial services income received or accrued by partnerships and by other pass-thru entities which are not members of a financial services group.
(D) Financial services income
(i) In general
(I) described in clause (ii), or
(II) passive income (determined without regard to subparagraph (B)(iii)(II)).
(ii) General description of financial services income
(I) derived in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business,
(II) derived from the investment by an insurance company of its unearned premiums or reserves ordinary and necessary for the proper conduct of its insurance business, or
(III) of a kind which would be insurance income as defined in determined without regard to those provisions of paragraph (1)(A) of such section which limit insurance income to income from countries other than the country in which the corporation was created or organized.
(E) Noncontrolled section 902 corporation
(i) Noncontrolled 10-percent owned foreign corporation
(I) a specified 10-percent owned foreign corporation (as defined in ), or
(II) a passive foreign investment company (as defined in ) with respect to which the taxpayer meets the stock ownership requirements of (or, for purposes of applying paragraphs (3) and (4), the requirements of ).
(ii) Treatment of inclusions under section 1293
If any foreign corporation is a noncontrolled 10-percent owned foreign corporation with respect to the taxpayer, any inclusion under section 1293 with respect to such corporation shall be treated as a dividend from such corporation.
(F) High-taxed income
The term “high-taxed income” means any income which (but for this subparagraph) would be passive income if the sum of—
(i) the foreign income taxes paid or accrued by the taxpayer with respect to such income, and
(ii) the foreign income taxes deemed paid by the taxpayer with respect to such income under section 902
(G) Export financing interest
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “export financing interest” means any interest derived from financing the sale (or other disposition) for use or consumption outside the United States of any property—
(i) which is manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted in the United States by the taxpayer or a related person, and
(ii) not more than 50 percent of the fair market value of which is attributable to products imported into the United States.
(H) Treatment of income tax base differences
(i) In general
In the case of taxable years beginning after
(ii) Special rule for years before 2007
(I) In the case of taxes paid or accrued in taxable years beginning after
(II) Any such election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years described in subclause (I) unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(I) Related person
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “related person” has the meaning given such term by , except that such section shall be applied by substituting “the person with respect to whom the determination is being made” for “controlled foreign corporation” each place it appears.
(J) Foreign branch income
(i) In general
The term “foreign branch income” means the business profits of such United States person which are attributable to 1 or more qualified business units (as defined in ) in 1 or more foreign countries. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the amount of business profits attributable to a qualified business unit shall be determined under rules established by the Secretary.
(ii) Exception
Such term shall not include any income which is passive category income.
(K) Transitional rules for 2007 changes
For purposes of paragraph (1)—
(i) taxes carried from any taxable year beginning before
(ii) the Secretary may by regulations provide for the allocation of any carryback of taxes with respect to income from a taxable year beginning on or after
(3) Look-thru in case of controlled foreign corporations
(A) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, dividends, interest, rents, and royalties received or accrued by the taxpayer from a controlled foreign corporation in which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall not be treated as passive category income.
(B) Subpart F inclusions
Any amount included in gross income under shall be treated as passive category income to the extent the amount so included is attributable to passive category income.
(C) Interest, rents, and royalties
Any interest, rent, or royalty which is received or accrued from a controlled foreign corporation in which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall be treated as passive category income to the extent it is properly allocable (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to passive category income of the controlled foreign corporation.
(D) Dividends
Any dividend paid out of the earnings and profits of any controlled foreign corporation in which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall be treated as passive category income in proportion to the ratio of—
(i) the portion of the earnings and profits attributable to passive category income, to
(ii) the total amount of earnings and profits.
(E) Look-thru applies only where subpart F applies
If a controlled foreign corporation meets the requirements of (relating to de minimis rule) for any taxable year, for purposes of this paragraph, none of its foreign base company income (as defined in without regard to ) and none of its gross insurance income (as defined in ) for such taxable year shall be treated as passive category income, except that this sentence shall not apply to any income which (without regard to this sentence) would be treated as financial services income. Solely for purposes of applying subparagraph (D), passive income of a controlled foreign corporation shall not be treated as passive category income if the requirements of are met with respect to such income.
(F) Coordination with high-taxed income provisions
(i) In determining whether any income of a controlled foreign corporation is passive category income, subclause (II) of paragraph (2)(B)(iii) shall not apply.
(ii) Any income of the taxpayer which is treated as passive category income under this paragraph shall be so treated notwithstanding any provision of paragraph (2); except that the determination of whether any amount is high-taxed income shall be made after the application of this paragraph.
(G) Dividend
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “dividend” includes any amount included in gross income in . Any amount included in gross income under section 78 to the extent attributable to amounts included in gross income in shall not be treated as a dividend but shall be treated as included in gross income under .
(H) Look-thru applies to passive foreign investment company inclusion
If—
(i) a passive foreign investment company is a controlled foreign corporation, and
(ii) the taxpayer is a United States shareholder in such controlled foreign corporation,
(4) Look-thru applies to dividends from noncontrolled 10-percent owned foreign corporations
(A) In general
For purposes of this subsection, any dividend from a noncontrolled 10-percent owned foreign corporation with respect to the taxpayer shall be treated as income described in a subparagraph of paragraph (1) in proportion to the ratio of—
(i) the portion of earnings and profits attributable to income described in such subparagraph, to
(ii) the total amount of earnings and profits.
(B) Earnings and profits of controlled foreign corporations
In the case of any distribution from a controlled foreign corporation to a United States shareholder, rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (A) shall apply in determining the extent to which earnings and profits of the controlled foreign corporation which are attributable to dividends received from a noncontrolled 10-percent owned foreign corporation may be treated as income in a separate category.
(C) Special rules
For purposes of this paragraph—
(i) Earnings and profits
(I) The rules of section 316 shall apply.
(II) The Secretary may prescribe regulations regarding the treatment of distributions out of earnings and profits for periods before the taxpayer’s acquisition of the stock to which the distributions relate.
(ii) Inadequate substantiation
If the Secretary determines that the proper subparagraph of paragraph (1) in which a dividend is described has not been substantiated, such dividend shall be treated as income described in paragraph (1)(A).
(iii) Coordination with high-taxed income provisions
Rules similar to the rules of paragraph (3)(F) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
(iv) Look-thru with respect to carryover of credit
Rules similar to subparagraph (A) also shall apply to any carryforward under subsection (c) from a taxable year beginning before
(5) Controlled foreign corporation; United States shareholder
For purposes of this subsection—
(A) Controlled foreign corporation
The term “controlled foreign corporation” has the meaning given such term by section 957 (taking into account ).
(B) United States shareholder
The term “United States shareholder” has the meaning given such term by (taking into account ).
(6) Separate application to items resourced under treaties
(A) In general
If—
(i) without regard to any treaty obligation of the United States, any item of income would be treated as derived from sources within the United States,
(ii) under a treaty obligation of the United States, such item would be treated as arising from sources outside the United States, and
(iii) the taxpayer chooses the benefits of such treaty obligation,
(B) Coordination with other provisions
This paragraph shall not apply to any item of income to which subsection (h)(10) or applies.
(C) Regulations
The Secretary may issue such regulations or other guidance as is necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations or other guidance which provides that related items of income may be aggregated for purposes of this paragraph.
(7) Regulations
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this subsection, including regulations—
(A) for the application of paragraph (3) and subsection (f)(5) in the case of income paid (or loans made) through 1 or more entities or between 2 or more chains of entities,
(B) preventing the manipulation of the character of income the effect of which is to avoid the purposes of this subsection, and
(C) providing that rules similar to the rules of paragraph (3)(C) shall apply to interest, rents, and royalties received or accrued from entities which would be controlled foreign corporations if they were foreign corporations.
(1) General rule
For purposes of this subpart, in the case of any taxpayer who sustains an overall foreign loss for any taxable year, that portion of the taxpayer’s taxable income from sources without the United States for each succeeding taxable year which is equal to the lesser of—
(A) the amount of such loss (to the extent not used under this paragraph in prior taxable years), or
(B) 50 percent (or such larger percent as the taxpayer may choose) of the taxpayer’s taxable income from sources without the United States for such succeeding taxable year,
shall be treated as income from sources within the United States (and not as income from sources without the United States).
(2) Overall foreign loss defined
For purposes of this subsection, the term “overall foreign loss” means the amount by which the gross income for the taxable year from sources without the United States (whether or not the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this subpart for such taxable year) for such year is exceeded by the sum of the deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto, except that there shall not be taken into account—
(A) any net operating loss deduction allowable for such year under , and
(B) any—
any—
(i) foreign expropriation loss for such year, as defined in (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990), or
(ii) loss for such year which arises from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or from theft,
to the extent such loss is not compensated for by insurance or otherwise.
(3) Dispositions
(A) In general
For purposes of this chapter, if property which has been used predominantly without the United States in a trade or business is disposed of during any taxable year—
(i) the taxpayer, notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter (other than paragraph (1)), shall be deemed to have received and recognized taxable income from sources without the United States in the taxable year of the disposition, by reason of such disposition, in an amount equal to the lesser of the excess of the fair market value of such property over the taxpayer’s adjusted basis in such property or the remaining amount of the overall foreign losses which were not used under paragraph (1) for such taxable year or any prior taxable year, and
(ii) paragraph (1) shall be applied with respect to such income by substituting “100 percent” for “50 percent”.
(B) Disposition defined and special rules
(i) For purposes of this subsection, the term “disposition” includes a sale, exchange, distribution, or gift of property whether or not gain or loss is recognized on the transfer.
(ii) Any taxable income recognized solely by reason of subparagraph (A) shall have the same characterization it would have had if the taxpayer had sold or exchanged the property.
(iii) The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as he may deem necessary to provide for adjustments to the basis of property to reflect taxable income recognized solely by reason of subparagraph (A).
(C) Exceptions
Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the term “disposition” does not include—
(i) a disposition of property which is not a material factor in the realization of income by the taxpayer, or
(ii) a disposition of property to a domestic corporation in a distribution or transfer described in .
(D) Application to certain dispositions of stock in controlled foreign corporation
(i) In general
This paragraph shall apply to an applicable disposition in the same manner as if it were a disposition of property described in subparagraph (A), except that the exception contained in subparagraph (C)(i) shall not apply.
(ii) Applicable disposition
For purposes of clause (i), the term “applicable disposition” means any disposition of any share of stock in a controlled foreign corporation in a transaction or series of transactions if, immediately before such transaction or series of transactions, the taxpayer owned more than 50 percent (by vote or value) of the stock of the controlled foreign corporation. Such term shall not include a disposition described in clause (iii) or (iv), except that clause (i) shall apply to any gain recognized on any such disposition.
(iii) Exception for certain exchanges where ownership percentage retained
(I) to which section 351 or 721 applies, or under which the transferor receives stock in a foreign corporation in exchange for the stock in the controlled foreign corporation and the stock received is exchanged basis property (as defined in ), and
(II) immediately after which, the transferor owns (by vote or value) at least the same percentage of stock in the controlled foreign corporation (or, if the controlled foreign corporation is not in existence after such transaction or series of transactions, in another foreign corporation stock in
(iv) Exception for certain asset acquisitions
A disposition shall not be treated as an applicable disposition under clause (ii) if it is part of a transaction or series of transactions in which the taxpayer (or any member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated return under section 1501 which includes the taxpayer) acquires the assets of a controlled foreign corporation in exchange for the shares of the controlled foreign corporation in a liquidation described in section 332 or a reorganization described in .
(v) Controlled foreign corporation
For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “controlled foreign corporation” has the meaning given such term by section 957.
(vi) Stock ownership
For purposes of this subparagraph, ownership of stock shall be determined under the rules of subsections (a) and (b) of section 958.
(4) Accumulation distributions of foreign trust
For purposes of this chapter, in the case of amounts of income from sources without the United States which are treated under section 666 (without regard to subsections (b) and (c) thereof if the taxpayer chose to take a deduction with respect to the amounts described in such subsections under ) as having been distributed by a foreign trust in a preceding taxable year, that portion of such amounts equal to the amount of any overall foreign loss sustained by the beneficiary in a year prior to the taxable year of the beneficiary in which such distribution is received from the trust shall be treated as income from sources within the United States (and not income from sources without the United States) to the extent that such loss was not used under this subsection in prior taxable years, or in the current taxable year, against other income of the beneficiary.
(5) Treatment of separate limitation losses
(A) In general
The amount of the separate limitation losses for any taxable year shall reduce income from sources within the United States for such taxable year only to the extent the aggregate amount of such losses exceeds the aggregate amount of the separate limitation incomes for such taxable year.
(B) Allocation of losses
The separate limitation losses for any taxable year (to the extent such losses do not exceed the separate limitation incomes for such year) shall be allocated among (and operate to reduce) such incomes on a proportionate basis.
(C) Recharacterization of subsequent income
If—
(i) a separate limitation loss from any income category (hereinafter in this subparagraph referred to as “the loss category”) was allocated to income from any other category under subparagraph (B), and
(ii) the loss category has income for a subsequent taxable year,
(D) Special rules for losses from sources in the United States
Any loss from sources in the United States for any taxable year (to the extent such loss does not exceed the separate limitation incomes from such year) shall be allocated among (and operate to reduce) such incomes on a proportionate basis. This subparagraph shall be applied after subparagraph (B).
(E) Definitions
For purposes of this paragraph—
(i) Income category
The term “income category” means each separate category of income described in subsection (d)(1).
(ii) Separate limitation income
The term “separate limitation income” means, with respect to any income category, the taxable income from sources outside the United States, separately computed for such category.
(iii) Separate limitation loss
The term “separate limitation loss” means, with respect to any income category, the loss from such category determined under the principles of .
(F) Dispositions
If any separate limitation loss for any taxable year is allocated against any separate limitation income for such taxable year, except to the extent provided in regulations, rules similar to the rules of paragraph (3) shall apply to any disposition of property if gain from such disposition would be in the income category with respect to which there was such separate limitation loss.
(1) General rule
For purposes of this subpart and section 936,
(A) the amount of such loss (to the extent not used under this paragraph in prior taxable years), or
(B) 50 percent of the taxpayer’s taxable income from sources within the United States for such succeeding taxable year,
shall be treated as income from sources without the United States (and not as income from sources within the United States).
(2) Overall domestic loss
For purposes of this subsection—
(A) In general
The term “overall domestic loss” means—
(i) with respect to any qualified taxable year, the domestic loss for such taxable year to the extent such loss offsets taxable income from sources without the United States for the taxable year or for any preceding qualified taxable year by reason of a carryback, and
(ii) with respect to any other taxable year, the domestic loss for such taxable year to the extent such loss offsets taxable income from sources without the United States for any preceding qualified taxable year by reason of a carryback.
(B) Domestic loss
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “domestic loss” means the amount by which the gross income for the taxable year from sources within the United States is exceeded by the sum of the deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto (determined without regard to any carryback from a subsequent taxable year).
(C) Qualified taxable year
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “qualified taxable year” means any taxable year for which the taxpayer chose the benefits of this subpart.
(3) Characterization of subsequent income
(A) In general
Any income from sources within the United States that is treated as income from sources without the United States under paragraph (1) shall be allocated among and increase the income categories in proportion to the loss from sources within the United States previously allocated to those income categories.
(B) Income category
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “income category” has the meaning given such term by subsection (f)(5)(E)(i).
(4) Coordination with subsection (f)
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to coordinate the provisions of this subsection with the provisions of subsection (f).
(5) Election to increase percentage of taxable income treated as foreign source
(A) In general
If any pre-2018 unused overall domestic loss is taken into account under paragraph (1) for any applicable taxable year, the taxpayer may elect to have such paragraph applied to such loss by substituting a percentage greater than 50 percent (but not greater than 100 percent) for 50 percent in subparagraph (B) thereof.
(B) Pre-2018 unused overall domestic loss
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “pre-2018 unused overall domestic loss” means any overall domestic loss which—
(i) arises in a qualified taxable year beginning before
(ii) has not been used under paragraph (1) for any taxable year beginning before such date.
(C) Applicable taxable year
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “applicable taxable year” means any taxable year of the taxpayer beginning after
(1) In general
The following amounts which are derived from a United States-owned foreign corporation and which would be treated as derived from sources outside the United States without regard to this subsection shall, for purposes of this section, be treated as derived from sources within the United States to the extent provided in this subsection:
(A) Any amount included in gross income under—
Any amount included in gross income under—
(i) (relating to amounts included in gross income of United States shareholders), or
(ii) section 1293 (relating to current taxation of income from qualified funds).
(B) Interest.
(C) Dividends.
(2) Subpart F and passive foreign investment company inclusions
Any amount described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States to the extent such amount is attributable to income of the United States-owned foreign corporation from sources within the United States.
(3) Certain interest allocable to United States source income
Any interest which—
(A) is paid or accrued by a United States-owned foreign corporation during any taxable year,
(B) is paid or accrued to a United States shareholder (as defined in ) or a related person (within the meaning of ) to such a shareholder, and
(C) is properly allocable (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to income of such foreign corporation for the taxable year from sources within the United States,
shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States.
(4) Dividends
(A) In general
The United States source ratio of any dividend paid or accrued by a United States-owned foreign corporation shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States.
(B) United States source ratio
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “United States source ratio” means, with respect to any dividend paid out of the earnings and profits for any taxable year, a fraction—
(i) the numerator of which is the portion of the earnings and profits for such taxable year from sources within the United States, and
(ii) the denominator of which is the total amount of earnings and profits for such taxable year.
(5) Exception where United States-owned foreign corporation has small amount of United States source income
Paragraph (3) shall not apply to interest paid or accrued during any taxable year (and paragraph (4) shall not apply to any dividends paid out of the earnings and profits for such taxable year) if—
(A) the United States-owned foreign corporation has earnings and profits for such taxable year, and
(B) less than 10 percent of such earnings and profits is attributable to sources within the United States.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, earnings and profits shall be determined without any reduction for interest described in paragraph (3) (determined without regard to subparagraph (C) thereof).
(6) United States-owned foreign corporation
For purposes of this subsection, the term “United States-owned foreign corporation” means any foreign corporation if 50 percent or more of—
(A) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or
(B) the total value of the stock of such corporation,
is held directly (or indirectly through applying paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 958(a) and paragraph (4) of section 318(a)) by United States persons (as defined in section 7701(a)(30)).
(7) Dividend
For purposes of this subsection, the term “dividend” includes any gain treated as a dividend under section 1248.
(8) Coordination with subsection (f)
This subsection shall be applied before subsection (f).
(9) Treatment of certain domestic corporations
In the case of any dividend treated as not from sources within the United States under , the corporation paying such dividend shall be treated for purposes of this subsection as a United States-owned foreign corporation.
(10) Coordination with treaties
(A) In general
If—
(i) any amount derived from a United States-owned foreign corporation would be treated as derived from sources within the United States under this subsection by reason of an item of income of such United States-owned foreign corporation,
(ii) under a treaty obligation of the United States (applied without regard to this subsection and by treating any amount included in gross income under as a dividend), such amount would be treated as arising from sources outside the United States, and
(iii) the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this paragraph,
(B) Special rule
Amounts included in gross income under shall be treated as a dividend under subparagraph (A)(ii) only if dividends paid by each corporation (the stock in which is taken into account in determining whether the shareholder is a United States shareholder in the United States-owned foreign corporation), if paid to the United States shareholder, would be treated under a treaty obligation of the United States as arising from sources outside the United States (applied without regard to this subsection).
(11) Regulations
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for purposes of this subsection, including—
(A) regulations for the application of this subsection in the case of interest or dividend payments through 1 or more entities, and
(B) regulations providing that this subsection shall apply to interest paid or accrued to any person (whether or not a United States shareholder).
(1) were applied without regard to the exceptions contained therein, and
(2) the constructive ownership rules of applied for purposes of ,
(1) In general
In the case of an individual to whom this subsection applies for any taxable year—
(A) the limitation of subsection (a) shall not apply,
(B) no taxes paid or accrued by the individual during such taxable year may be deemed paid or accrued under subsection (c) in any other taxable year, and
(C) no taxes paid or accrued by the individual during any other taxable year may be deemed paid or accrued under subsection (c) in such taxable year.
(2) Individuals to whom subsection applies
This subsection shall apply to an individual for any taxable year if—
(A) the entire amount of such individual’s gross income for the taxable year from sources without the United States consists of qualified passive income,
(B) the amount of the creditable foreign taxes paid or accrued by the individual during the taxable year does not exceed $300 ($600 in the case of a joint return), and
(C) such individual elects to have this subsection apply for the taxable year.
(3) Definitions
For purposes of this subsection—
(A) Qualified passive income
The term “qualified passive income” means any item of gross income if—
(i) such item of income is passive income (as defined in subsection (d)(2)(B) without regard to clause (iii) thereof), and
(ii) such item of income is shown on a payee statement furnished to the individual.
(B) Creditable foreign taxes
The term “creditable foreign taxes” means any taxes for which a credit is allowable under section 901; except that such term shall not include any tax unless such tax is shown on a payee statement furnished to such individual.
(C) Payee statement
The term “payee statement” has the meaning given to such term by .
(D) Estates and trusts not eligible
This subsection shall not apply to any estate or trust.
For increase of limitation under subsection (a) for taxes paid with respect to amounts received which were included in the gross income of the taxpayer for a prior taxable year as a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation, see .